Oleh : Drs. Tony Sartono Asmara
Ada
beberapa pola kalimat yang bisa diubah susunannya dengan menggu-
nakan It dan
pengertiannya masih tetap sama.
Pola-pola kalimat itu
adalah :
1. Kalimat yang dimulai dengan to-infinitive / to-infinitive phrase. Caranya :
Mulailah kalimatnya dengan “It” sebagai subjectnya. Kemudian ikuti dengan
predikat. To-infinitivenya diletakan di akhir kalimat.
Contoh :
To
steal is wrong
It is wrong to steal
To smoke too much is bad
It is bad to smoke too much
2. Subject pada anak kalimatnya dimulai dengan to-infinitive / phrase.
Caranya : Tulis kembali induk kalimatnya, ikuti
dengan “it”. Lalu tulis
predikatnya
dan to-infinitivenya
ditempatkan di akhir kalimat. Kata
sambung “that” dan “to be” nya dihilangkan.
Perhatikan
perubahannya :
I think that to steal is wrong
I think it wrong to steal
I believe that to smoke too much is bad
I believe it bad to smoke too much
3. Subjectnya Noun Clause, yaitu dimulai dengan kata sambung : that,
whether, dan seluruh kata
tanya, seperti : what, where, when
dsb.
Contoh :
That he could not pass the test is strange
It is strange that he could not pass the test
Whether he will come here or not is
doubtful
It is doubtful whether he will come here or
not
Where he will go is not my business
It is not my business where he will go
4. Subject pada induk
kalimatnya adalah : People atau They. Caranya :
Ubah induk kalimatnya menjadi
kalimat Pasif, yaitu : to be + V3.
Mulailah
kalimatnya dengan “It” sebagai subjectnya. Lalu
ikuti dengan to be +
V3. Anak kalimatnya ditulis kembali.
Perhatikan perubahannya :
They hope that the President will
arrive tomorrow
It is
hoped that the President will arrive tomorrow
People
said that he had escaped through the back door
It was
said that he had escaped through the back door
Kalimatnya menggunakan kata-kata kerja : seem, look,appear, happen +
to-infinitive seperti :
The students seem to understand this lesson
Tanti
happens to be busy today
Pola kata-kata
kerjanya berubah menjadi :
seem
It
+ look
+ that + S
+ V + O +
K
appear
happen
It seems that the students understand this lesson
It happens that Tanti is busy today
6. Emphasis
(Penegasan)
Untuk memberikan Penegasan (Emphasis) pada Subject atau Object
Perhatikan kalimat
di bawah ini!
John bought a book yesterday
Untuk
menegaskan Subject yaitu John,
di dalam bahasa Indonesianya
kita katakan
“Johnlah yang membeli buku kemarin”.
Di dalam bahasa Inggris, polanya adalah :
It + tobe + Subject + who + V + O
+ K
It was John who bought a book yesterday
Untuk menegaskan Object,
yaitu a book atau yesterday, polanya
adalah :
It + tobe + Object + that + S + V + O + K
It was a book that John bought yesterday
( Bukulah yang John beli kemarin )
It was yesterday that John bought a book
( Kemarinlah
John membeli buku )
Contoh lain :
I visit the library twice a week
It is I who visit the library twice a week (
subject )
It is the library that I visit twice a week (
object )
It is twice a week that I visit the library (
object )
LATIHAN
TASK-1
A. Ubahlah dengan menggunakan Impersonal "IT".
Contoh : To speak is
easy.
Jawab : It is
easy to speak
1. To smoke in the cinema is forbidden.
2. To cheat in examinations is wrong.
3. To make the same mistake twice is
unforgivable.
4. To refuse invitations is not always easy.
5. To come to school early is better for you.
6. To obey the laws is everyone's duty.
7. To read in bad lights is not good.
8. To write with left hand is more difficult.
9. To study hard before the exams is advisable
for the students
10. To have a driving-licence is important for every driver.
TASK-2
Ubahlah dengan menggunakan
Impersonal "IT".
Contoh :
I
think that to cheat in examinations is wrong.
Jawab : I
think it wrong to cheat in examinations.
1. I believe
that to
get up early in the morning is good
for the health.
2. I think that to
climb a mountain without a guide is very foolish.
3. All teachers
consider that to cheat during
the test is wrong.
4. I find that to practise English every day is
important for the students.
5. I suppose that to
know the laws of the country is
important for everyone.
6. They consider that
to fly by night is perfectly safe.
7. I think that to
have a handsome husband is easy for a rich widow.
8. I suppose that to
go out alone at night is dangerous for a
girl.
TASK-3
Ubahlah dengan menggunakan
Impersonal "IT".
Contoh :
That he did not pass the test is
strange.
Jawab : It
is strange that he did not pass the
test.
1. That he has not yet arrived is surprising
to me.
2. That he failed the test is unbelievable.
3. That he will return tomorrow seems very
improbable.
4. How the burglars got away remains a
mistery.
5. Where the pilot finally managed to land is
not yet known.
6. What the speaker said was difficult for us
to follow.
7. Whether he will be able to come here or not
is doubtful.
8. Whether we start now or later does not
matter.
9. Whether he really meant what he said is
difficult to judge
10. That you could not come to the party last night was a
pity.
TASK-4
Ubahlah dengan menggunakan
Impersonal "IT".
Contoh :
They say that he is jealous of
her.
Jawab : It
is said that he is jealous of her.
1. People expect that the cost of living will
rise sharply this year.
2. They hope that Mr Dahlan will arrive in Bandung next week.
3. People say that Mr Dudung is having an
affair with his secretary.
4. They thought that the bank robber was
hiding in this area.
5. People say that the patient is recovering
rapidly from his illness
6. They report that the astronauts were
circling the moon.
7. People believed that the murder had occured
at three o'clock.
8. They reported that Steve Mc Queen is
sufferring from cancer
9. People reported that the plane had crashed
into a mountain.
10. They thought that the stranger had left the country early
this morning.
TASK-5
Ubahlah dengan menggunakan
Impersonal "IT".
Contoh :
The children seem to be tired.
Jawab : It
seems that the children are tired
1. Mary seems to be angry with you.
2. Bob seemed to be surprised at the news last
night.
3. The students seemed to be unable to solve
the problem.
4. They seem to be afraid of the teacher.
5. John appears to have many friends in Bandung.
6. Sri happened to be out when I called her
last night.
7. The guards seem to have been bribed by the
workers.
8. The guests seem to be enjoying the party
now.
9. The
servant happened to be sleeping soundly when the thief broke into
the
house.
10. The students appear to have understood the lesson
TASK-6
Ubahlah dengan menggunakan
Impersonal "IT".
1. To study English abroad is my ambition.
2. To be alone at weekends is really boring.
3. I think that to be prepared before the test
is advisable.
4. That she could answer all the questions is
strange.
5. People
reported that the bank robber had been caught.
6. The students seem to worry about the final
test.
7. What I am going to do is not your business.
8. To listen to the story of her adventure was
exciting.
9. To live in a big city like Jakarta is very costly.
10. Whether she could finish the test is doubtful to me.
TASK-7
Berilah penekanan
pada bagian-bagian kalimat yang bercetak
miring.
Contoh :
I met John at school
yesterday.
Jawab : It
was John that I met at school yesterday.
1. I saw him in the street only last week.
2. The doctors make all the money.
3. I hope to go to the cinema tonight.
4. I want to meet your sister tonight.
5. I first got to know her five months ago.
6. The girl found the purse under the
table.
7. Mira gave him the wrong number by
mistake.
8. The teacher punished Budi in order to
teach him a lesson.
9. He is angry because you have lost all
the money
10. I received the
money from my parents last week
TASK-8
Berilah penegasan terhadap kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini
Contoh :
Joko repaired my car yesterday.
Nobody else did.
Jawab : It
was Joko who repaired my car yesterday.
1. I helped John do the homework last night.
Nobody else did.
2. Nobody picked her up last night except Tom.
3. I met Bob here this morning. I didn't meet
anybody else.
4. I want to live with nobody else but you.
5. I asked John to do the homework. I didn't
ask anybody else
6. I bought a bag at the shop. I didn't buy
anything else.
7. I don't want to tell anybody else about
this except to Mira.
8. He gave me nothing else yesterday except
this parcel.
9. Nobody brought her a present last night
except Yudi.
10. You will not get this thing anywhere else except in Bali.
Selamat
Belajar
sanga bermanfaat. thanks a lot
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