Wednesday, April 4, 2012

EXPRESSING POSSESSIONS

(Mengungkapkan Kepemilikan)

Untuk mengungkapkan kepemilikan suatu benda, di dalam bahasa Indonesia dapat menggunakan kata “punya” dengan struktur yang berbeda-beda.
Contoh :
                  Ini rumah saya / Ini rumah punya saya
                  Rumah ini punya saya
                  Saya punya rumah
                  Rumah ini kepunyaan saya

Di dalam bahasa Inggrispun terdapat beberapa cara dalam mengungkapkan kepemilikan tersebut, diantaranya :

A.    menggunakan kata ganti kepunyaan, yaitu Possessive Adjectives dan Possessive Pronouns.

Possessive Adjectives : my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Possessive Pronouns  : mine, yours, his, her, its, ours, theirs

Conoth :

                  Possessive Adjectives                    Possessive Pronouns

                  This is my house                             This house is mine
                  (Ini rumah (punya) saya                   (Rumah ini punya saya)

                  That is her house                            That house is hers
                  (Itu rumah (punya) dia                     (Rumah itu punya dia)

                  This is Rudi’s house                       That house is Rudi’s
      (Itu rumah (punya) Rudi                   (Rumah itu punya Rudi)

      A : Is this your house?                      A : Is this house yours?
      B :No, this is not my house               B : No, this house is not mine
      A : Whose house is this?                  A : Whose is this house?
      B : This is Rudi’s house                   B : This house is Rudi’s

B.      menggunakan kata kerja ‘have, has, had” yang berarti “punya
Perbedaannya adalah :

1.  Di dalam kalimat positive untuk waktu sekarang (Present), perbedaan have dan has adalah :
have” untuk They, We, I, You
has”   untuk He, She, It
2.     Untuk waktu lampau (Past), had digunakan untuk semua
Subject.
3.    Di dalam kalimat bertanya (Interrogative), untuk waktu sekarang (Present) harus menggunkan kata kerja bantu DO/DOES yang ditempatkan di awal kalimat dan berarti “Apakah …..?” dan kata kerja setelah DOES digunakan adalah “have” bukan “has”. DO untuk They, We, I, You dan DOES untuk He, She, It. Di dalam kalimat menyangkal (Negative), DO/DOES nya ditambah NOT.
4. Di dalam kalimat bertanya (Interrogative) untuk waktu lampau (Past) harus menggunakan kata kerja bantu DID diikuti “have” bukan “had” dan di dalam kalimat menyangkal (Negative), DID nya ditambah NOT.
Contoh :

     You have a house             He has a house                   He had a house
     Do you have a house?     Does he have a house?      Did he have a
                                                                                           house?
     You do not have a house  He does not have a house  He did not have a
                                                                                           house

     A : Do you have a new house in Jakarta?
     B : Yes, I have a new house in Jakarta
     A : Do you have a new house in Bogor?
     B : No, I do not have a new house in Bogor
     A : Who has a new house in Bogor?
     B : My brother does.

C.   menggunakan kata kerja “own” yang berarti “punya” Bentuk lampaunya adalah “owned”. Ketentuan di dalam kalimat Positive, Interrogative dan Negativenya sama dengan kata kerja “have”.
Contoh :

     You own a house               He owns a house                 He owned a
                                                                                             house
     Do you own a house?       Does he own a house?        Did he own a
                                                                                             house?
     You do not own a house    He does not own a house    He did not own a
                                                                                             house

     A : Do you own a new house in Jakarta?
     B : Yes, I own a new house in Jakarta
     A : Do you own a new house in Bogor?
     B : No, I do not own a new house in Bogor
     A : Who owns a new house in Bogor?
     B : My brother does.

D.     menggunakan kata kerja “belong to” yang berarti “punya / milik
Ketentuannya adalah :

1.      Di dalam kalimat positive untuk waktu Present :
They, We, I, You gunakan “belong to
He, She, It          gunakan “belongs to
2.    Didalam kalimat positive untuk waktu Past gunakan “belonged to”untuk semua subject.
3.  Pemiliknya disebutkan di akhir kalimat setelah kata depan “to” dalam bentuk Object Pronouns, yaitu : me, you, him, her, it, them, us

Ketentuan perubahan di dalam kalimat Interrogative dan Negative-
nya  sama  dengan ketentuan kata kerja “have, 
has, dan had
     Contoh :
     
      This new house belongs to him
      Does this new house belong to him?
      This new house does not belong to him
     
      That house belonged to her
      Did that house belong to her?
      That house did not belong to her

A : Does this house belong to you?
B : Yes, this house belongs to me

A : Does this new car belong to you?
B : No, this new car does not belong to me?
A : Whom does this new car belong to?
B : This new car belongs to my father

E.     Selain menggunakan kata-kata kerja diatas,kita juga dapat menggu-
nakan kata benda “the owner of” yang berarti “pemilik
Contoh :

He is the owner of the house ( = Dia adalah pemilik rumah itu )
Is he the owner of the house ( = Apakah dia pemilik rumah itu? )
He is not the owner of the house ( = Dia bukan pemilik rumah itu )
Who is the owner of the house? ( = Siapa pemilik rumah itu? )

Jadi untuk menyatakan kepemilikan kita dapat mengungkapkannya dalam berbagai cara. Perhatikan kalimat-kalimat berikut ini :

                He has a new house                       She has a new house
                He owns a new house                    She owns a new house
                He is the owner of the house        She is the owner of the house
                The new house belongs to him     The new house belongs to her
                The new house is his                      The new house is hers
                This is his new house                     This is her new house

      A : Does this house belong to Mira?
      B : Yes, this house belongs to her
            Yes, this is her house
            Yes, this house is hers
            Yes, she has the house
            Yes, she owns the house
            Yes, she is the owner of the house

      A : Does that car belong to John?
      B : No, that car does not belong to him
            No, that is not his car
            No, that car is not his
            No, she does not have a car
            No, he does not own a car
            No, she is not the owner of the house

Latihan

A. This is my house                   This house is mine
    Those are my cars                 Those cars belong to me
     
B. I have / own a house              This is my house
                                                  This house is mine
                                                  This house belongs to me

C. I don’t have a house                This is not my house
                                                   This house is not mine
                                                   This house does not belong to me

D. Does this house belong to John?

                                                Yes, this house belongs to him
                                                Yes, this is his house
                                                Yes, this house is his
                                                Yes, he owns the house

E.  Is this house John’s?         No, this house is not his
                                                No, this is not his house
                                                No, this house does not belong to him
                                                No, he does not have / own the house

F. Does this house belong to John?

                                                No, this house does not belong to him
                                                No, this is not his house
                                                No, this house is not his
                                                No, he does not own the house

No comments:

Post a Comment