1. Demonstrative Pronouns: Tunggal Jamak
This These ( ini )
That Those
( itu )
This ( bendanya
dekat), That ( bendanya jauh )
a.
digunakan untuk menunjukkan benda
tunggal yang sudah jelas :
sudah
disebutkan sebelumnya atau bendanya terlihat.
Contoh :
There
are two books on the table. This is a dictionary and
that is
a workbook
A:
Which of the two books can be taken home?
B: This
can be taken home but that can't
A: Can
I borrow this?
B: No,
that can only be read here
b.
digunakan untuk menggantikan kalimat
(clause) yang sudah dise-
butkan
sebelumnya
Contoh :
Our car
broke down. This made us late for the train
He said I
was not a good student. That was a
horrible
thing
to say, wasn't it?
These, Those
digunakan untuk
menunjukkan benda yang lebih dari satu (jamak)
Contoh :
A: I'm
looking for good books. Can I borrow these?
B: No,
those can only be read here. Don't borrow them
That, Those
dapat digunakan
untuk menggantikan benda yang sudah disebutkan
se-
belumnya seperti
dalam susunan kalimat berikut ini:
The weather
of the island of Sumatra is almost the same as
the
weather of
the other islands in Indonesia
The weather of the island of Sumatra is
almost the same as that
of the other
islands in Indonesia
The streets
of Jakarta are larger than the streets of Bandung
The streets
of Jakarta are larger than those of Bandung
2. Indefinite Pronouns
One, Ones
One = seseorang,
orang, kita
Contoh :
To
succeed, one must work hard
One (tunggal),
Ones (jamak) dapat digunakan untuk
menggantikan
benda yang sudah
disebutkan sebelumnya
Contoh :
A:
There are two pens on the table, a red one and a brown
one. Which one is yours?
B: The
red one is mine and the brown one is John's
You
carry the heavy boxes and I'll bring the light ones
None = tak
satupun, tak seorang pun, tak sedikitpun
dapat juga
diikuti of the + kata benda jamak / kata ganti
Contoh :
How
many girls wanted to stay?
None
wanted to stay. All wanted to go home
None of
the girls wanted to stay
None of
them wanted to stay
Some = beberapa
(CN), sedikit (UN). Digunakan dalam
kalimat Posi-
tive.
Contoh :
He
needs money. He wants to borrow some from me
The
children are in the yard. Some want to play kites. The
others
want to play marbles
Note : CN = Countable Noun UN = Uncountable Noun
Note : CN = Countable Noun UN = Uncountable Noun
Any = beberapa
(CN), sedikit (UN). Digunakan dalam
kalimat Inter-
rogative dan
Negative.
Contoh :
Have
you put any salt in the soup? I haven't put any yet
Have
you got any apples? I haven't got any at home
All = semua,
seluruhnya (CN dan UN)
Contoh :
The
students are very quiet. All are busy doing the test
I have
not any money. All was spent on clothes
Many = banyak
(CN), Much = banyak (UN)
Contoh :
You
have a lot of money but I haven't got much
He gets
lots of letters but I haven't got many
A few = beberapa
(CN), A little = sedikit (UN)
Contoh :
The students are planning to make
a trip. A few of them
want to
go to Bali
She
needs a few onions and a little pepper for the soup
Few, Little =
hampir tidak ada (sedikit sekali)
Contoh :
I have
too few holidays, so I won't go anywhere this time
I have
very little time, so I can't meet you tonight
Another, Others,
The other, The others = yang lainnya
Another
Benda yang
dimaksud satu. Sebenarnya bendanya banyak
Contoh :
This
book is dirty. Give me another, please
This
coffee is very good. Can I have another cup, please?
Others
Benda yang
dimaksud lebih dari satu. Sebenarnya bendanya banyak
Contoh :
These
eggs are not good. I want others
They do
not want to join us, so we have to find others
The other
Benda yang
dimaksud satu. Bendanya tidak ada lagi
Contoh :
I have only two knives. If you don't want
this one, you
can
take the other
The others
Bendanya merupakan sisa dari sejumlah atau
sekelompok benda yang
sudah diketahui
Contoh :
Only
Rosa and Lina have finished the test. The others are
still
writing
Somebody /
Someone = seseorang. Dipakai dalam kalimat Positive
Something = sesuatu
Contoh :
Somebody entered the room and put something on the table
Anybody / Anyone
= seseorang. Anything = sesuatu
Dipakai di dalam
kalimat Interrogative dan Negative
Contoh :
Did
anyone see you enter the room last night?
I
didn't see anybody enter the room last night
I
didn't have anything to eat
Anybody / Anyone
= Siapapun. Anything = Apapun
Dipakai di dalam
kalimat Positive
Contoh :
Sule
is a famous actor. Anybody knows him
He is a
millionaire. He can buy anything
Nobody / No one
= tak seorangpun. Nothing = tak satupun
Dipakai di dalam
kalimat Positive
Contoh :
Nobody
can move this piano. It is very heavy
The box
is empty. There is nothing in it
3. Distributive Pronouns
Each = masing-masing/tiap-tiap. Bendanya minimal
dua
Either = salah satu
( dari dua buah benda )
Neither = tak
satupun ( dari dua buah benda )
Contoh :
Two men
entered the room. Each was carrying a suitcase
There
are two old cars in the garage. Either can still be
used
There are two secretaries working for him. Neither
can
speak
English fluently
Ketiga kata
diatas dapat diikuti of the + kata benda
jamak atau
kata ganti
Contoh :
Two men entered the room. Each of
the men was carrying a
suitcase. atau Each of them was carrying a suitcase
I like
both houses, but neither of the houses is for sale
atau
neither of them is for sale
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