COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

   Berdasarkan jumlahnya, Concrete Nouns terdiri dari 2, yaitu :

           1. Countable Nouns            2. Uncountable Nouns

  

   1. Countable Nouns

        Terdiri dari 2, yaitu :

                                           1. Singular (Kata benda tunggal)

                                           2. Plural   (Kata benda jamak)

   Perubahan dari bentuk Singular menjadi bentuk Plural

   1. ditambah akhiran - S

       Contoh :

                      Singular        Plural

                      book              books

                      pen                pens

   2. kata benda berakhiran :s,ss,sh,ch,x dan o + -ES

      Contoh :

                      Singular        Plural

                      bus                buses

                      dress             dresses

                      brush             brushes

                      watch            watches

                      box                boxes

                      potato            potatoes

      Kekecualian untuk kata benda berakhiran - O

                      Singular        Plural

                      piano              pianos

                      bamboo          bamboos

                      photo              photos

                      studio             studios

                      folio                folios

   3. kata  benda berakhiran  - Y yang diawali  huruf  satu mati, sebelum ditambah 
       akhiran - ES, huruf - Y diubah menjadi I

       Contoh :

                      Singular        Plural

                      baby              babies

                      lady               ladies

                      country          countries

                      fly                  flies

                      story              stories

                      city                cities

   4. kata benda berakhiran - F / FE, sebelum ditambah akhiran - ES, akhiran - F / FE 
      diubah dulu menjadi "V"

      Contoh :

                     Singular        Plural       Singular       Plural

                     knife              knives         loaf              loaves

                     wife               wives           thief             thieves

                     life                 lives            shelf            shelves

                     wolf               wolves         calf              calves

                     leaf                leaves         half              halves

                     self                selves

Kekecualian :

                    cliff                   cliffs

                    roof                  roofs

                    safe                 safes

                    dwarf               dwarfs

                    gulf                  gulfs

                    chief                chiefs

                    proof                proofs

                    hoof                 hoofs

                    cafe                 cafes

                    handkerchief    handkerchiefs

   5. Perubahan kata benda yang tidak beraturan

Singular        Plural         Singular        Plural

man               men             child                children

woman           women         Englishman      Englishmen

foot                feet              German           Germans

tooth              teeth            Norman            Normans

goose            geese           Roman             Romans

mouse           mice

louse             lice 

2. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

   Kata benda yang tak dapat dihitung tidak mempunyai bentuk jamak, oleh karena

   itu dianggap benda tunggal.

   Contoh :

water         rice           medicine   bacon       chalk         dust

milk           jam           timber       rubbish     cloth          ash

butter        wheat         brass       coal          powder       honey

cheese      meat          tin            corn          thread       ice-cream

sugar        sauce         glass        soap         leather      chocolate

salt           flour           gold          soup         sand         hay

pepper       fruit           silver         paper        cement     work

tea            bread         iron          wood         vinegar      traffic

coffee        lemonade   metal       wool          petrol        furniture

wine          poridge      paint         cotton       money       baggage

beer          ink             oil            hair           news         luggage

syrup        whisky       paint         rock          music        gas

food          grass         pork          land          tobacco     ime

Perbedaan Countable Nouns dan Uncountables Nouns

1. Countable Nouns

   Di dalam bentuk Singular (tunggal) biasanya diawali dengan :

   a. Definite/Indefinite Articles   : a, an, the

   b. Demonstrative Adjectives   : this, that

   c. Possessive Adjectives       : my, your, his, her, dsb

   d. Distributive Adjectives        : each, every

 

   Contoh :

          I need a pen and an eraser

           The sun is in the sky

           This pen is long and that pen is short

           My book is on the table. Where is your book?

           Two boys entered the room. Each boy was carrying a bag

           Every student has to bring a pencil and a ruler

   Di dalam bentuk Plural (jamak), biasanya diawali dengan :

   a. Definite Article                  : the

   b. Demontrative Adjectives    : these, those

   c. Quantitative Adjectives      : a lot of, many, a few, few,

                                               several, some, any, no, all,

                                               both, a great number of,

                                               plenty of

   d. Possessive Adjectives      : my, your, his, her, dsb

   e. Cardinal Numbers            : two, three, four, dsb

   Contoh :

          The students are doing the exercises now

           These pens are more expensive than those pens

           Tom gets a lot of letter but John does not get

           many letters

           I have a few friends in Bandung

           You have some apples

           Have you got any apples?

           I have no apples

           All students must take the test

           Both boys are students of this school

           I have several cats and dogs in our house

           A great number of students failed the test as the

           questions were very difficult

           Five students were absent yesterday

2. Uncountable Nouns

   Bentuknya selalu Singular (tunggal). Biasanya diawali dengan :

   a. Definite Article                  :   the

   b. Quantitative Adjectives      :   a lot of, much, some, any,

                                                  no, a little, little,

                                                  a great deal of, plenty of

   c. Demonstrative Adjectives   :   this, that

   d. Unit Nouns                       :

      a piece of, a block of, a pile of, a lump of, a sheet of,

      a speck of, a bar of, a load of, a loaf of, an acre of,

      a yard of, a pint of, a blade of, a packet of, a bale of,

      a tin of, a plate of, a litre of, a sack of, a slice of,

      a roll of, a bottle of, a glass of, a cup of, a pail of,

      a spoonful of, a bowl of, a tube of, a jar of dsb

   Contoh :

           The tea is too hot for me to drink

           You have a lot of petrol but I haven't got much petrol

           There was some milk in the bottle yesterday

           Was there any milk in the bottle yesterday?

           There was no milk in the bottle yesterday

           I want a little butter on this slice of bread

           You need a great deal of money to buy a new car

           There is no rush. We have plenty of time

           This milk has gone bad

           The teacher needed a piece of chalk
           Mr. Brown cut a loaf of bread and gave it to me

                                                                                                                                          Kembali ke awal