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1. Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous
Tense Past Perfect
Continuous
5. Simple Past Tense Past
Perfect Tense
6.
Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect
Continuous
7. Future Tense Conditional
8. Future Continuous Tense Conditional Continuous
9. Future Perfect Tense Conditional Perfect
10. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Conditional
Perfect Continuous
must/have to/has to had to
Oleh : Drs. Tony Sartono Asmara
Perhatikan kalimat pernyataan langsung berikut ini
:
John, “I lost my pen yesterday.”
Bila kita ingin mengulang kembali pernyataan John untuk disampaikan kepada
orang lain, maka di dalam bahasa Indonesia kita katakan :
John
berkata bahwa dia kehilangan pulpennya kemarin.
Perhatikan
pengungkapannya di dalam bahasa Inggris!
John
said that he had lost his pen the previous day.
atau
John told me that
he had lost his pen the previous day.
Di dalam kalimat tidak langsung terdapat perubahan-perubahan yaitu pada
kata ganti (Pronouns), keterangan
waktu ( Adverbs of time ) dan pada bentuk
kata kerja (Tenses). Berikut ini adalah perubahan-perubahannya:
Perubahan kata
gantinya adalah sebagai berikut :
Kalimat
Langsung Kalimat Tak Langsung
Subject
I berubah menjadi he/she
We berubah menjadi they
You berubah menjadi he/she/they atau I/We
Object
me berubah menjadi him/her
us berubah menjadi them
you berubah menjadi him/her/they atau me/us
Kalimat Langsung Kalimat Tak Langsung
Possessive
Adjectives
my berubah menjadi his/her
our berubah menjadi their
your berubah menjadi his/her/their
Possessive
Pronouns
mine berubah menjadi his/hers
ours berubah menjadi theirs
yours berubah menjadi his/hers/theirs atau mine/ours
Perubahan Keterangan waktu
(Adverbs of Time)
Kalimat
Langsung Kalimat
Tak Langsung
today that
day
yesterday the day before/the previous day
the day before
yesterday two days
before
last week, year,
dst. the previous
week, year dst.
tomorrow the
following day / the next day
the day after tomorrow in two days' time
next week,
year, dst.
the following week, year, dst.
a week, month, ago a week
before / a month before
atau
the previous week /
the previous month.
now then
this morning,
afternoon that morning,
that afternoon
Perubahan bentuk kata kerjanya (Tenses)
Kalimat Langsung Kalimat Tidak Langsung
1. Simple Present Tense Simple
Past Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense Past
Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense Past
Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
5. Simple Past Tense Past
Perfect Tense
6. Past Continuous Tense Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
7. Simple Future Tense Conditional
8. Future Continuous Tense Conditional
Continuous
9. Future Perfect Tense Conditional
Perfect
10. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Conditional Perfect Continuous
Perubahan menjadi kalimat tidak langsung :
Kalimat Langsung Kalimat Tak Langsung
1. Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense
Mira, `I water
the flowers every morning.'
= Mira said that she watered the flowers
every morning.
2. Present Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense
Mira, `I am
watering the flowers now.'
= Mira said that
she was watering the flowers then.
3. Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense
Mira, `I have
watered the flowers.'
= Mira said
that she
had watered the flowers.
Kalimat Langsung Kalimat Tak Langsung
4. Present Perfect Continuous
Tense Past Perfect
Continuous
Tense
Mira, `I have been watering the flowers
since 7 o’clock.'
= Mira said that
she had been watering the
flowers since 7 o'clock.
5. Simple Past Tense Past
Perfect Tense
Mira, `I watered
the flowers yesterday.'
= Mira said that
she had watered the flowers the previous day.
6.
Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect
Continuous
Tense
Mira, `I was
watering the flowers at 7 o`clock
yesterday.'
= Mira said that she
had been watering the flowers at 7 o`clock the
day before
7. Future Tense Conditional
Mira, `I shall
water the flowers tomorrow.'
= Mira said that
she would water the flowers the
following day.
8. Future Continuous Tense Conditional Continuous
Mira, `I shall be watering the flowers at 7
o`clock tomorrow.
= Mira said that
she would be watering the flowers at 7 o`clock
the following
day.
9. Future Perfect Tense Conditional Perfect
Mira, “I shall
have watered the flowers by 7 tomorrow.”
= Mira said that
she would have watered the flowers by 7
the following
day.
10. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Conditional
Perfect Continuous
Mira, `I shall have been watering the flowers for 10
minutes
when he comes
tomorrow.'
= Mira said that she
would have been watering the
flowers for
10 minutes when
he came the following day.
11. Modals : can, may, could,
might,
must/have to/has to had to
Mira, `I must
water the flowers every morning.'
= Mira said that
she had to water the flowers every morning.
LATIHAN
Task-1
Fill in with the correct form of the verb!
1. John ,‘I study English twice a week.’
John said that he
................... English twice a week
2. Mary ,‘I am cooking in the kitchen now.’
Mary said that she
......................... in the kitchen then
3. Rudi,’I have done the exercises.’
Rudi said that he
................... the exercises
4. Yanti,’I went to Jakarta
last week.’
Yanti said that she ..................... to
Jakarta the
previous week
5. Susi,’I was watching T.V at 8 o’clock last night
Susi said that she
.................................. T.V at 8 o’clock the previous night
6. Nina,’I have been waiting in the room for 5 minutes.’
Nina said that she
............................ in the room for 5 minutes
7. Bob,’I shall visit the museum tomorrow.’
Bob said that he
...................... the museum the following day
8. Sandi,’I shall be cooking in the kitchen at 7 tomorrow
Sandi said that
she ............................. in the kitchen at 7 the next day
9. Bram,’I can repair the car if I have time.’
Bram said that he
........................... the car if he .............. time
10. Budi,’We must study hard if we want to pass the test.’
Budi said that
they ..................... hard if they ............ to pass the test
Task-2
Change into Indirect speech!
1. Mira,“I have breakfast before I go to school every day.”
2. Rina,“I fetched my children from school late yesterday.”
3. Budi,“I am expecting my friends to see me now.”
4. Father,“I have bought a car for you, Dani.”
5. Mira,“My friends were waiting for me at the party last
night.”
6. Deni,“I have been staying in your house for 3 days,
Nina.”
7. Lina,“I shall study with my friends in your house, Joko.”
8. Fitri,“We cannot come to your party tonight, Dedi.”
9. Riri, “I will be working with my father this time next
year.”
10. Vina,“Our car broke down near your house last night,
Bob.”
Selamat
Belajar
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